13+ hour, 11+ min ago   (496+ words) Offline reinforcement learning (offline RL) and large-language-model (LLM) alignment are typically studied as independent domains and each has developed its own pairwise comparison technique. Prior studies have validated pairwise classification exclusively within offline RL, leaving open the question of whether it…...

2+ day, 2+ hour ago   (567+ words) Individual cattle identification underpins traceability, genetic management and disease surveillance in precision livestock farming. Ear tags and RFID remain the dominant practice but are subject to loss, tampering and welfare concerns, which motivates contactless biometric alternatives. Most deep learning systems…...

2+ day, 8+ hour ago   (428+ words) The growing penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE) is increasing the frequency of very low and negative prices, although these events also depend on demand, transmission capacity, price-regime persistence and flexibility resources. This study examines which pre-auction and diagnostic variables…...

4+ day, 2+ hour ago   (533+ words) This study proposes EQAS (Empowered Question-Answering System), a hybrid framework designed to support context-aware question-answering and intelligent feedback generation in domain-specific knowledge environments. EQAS integrates fine-tuned transformer-based models, instruction-guided large language models, domain-specific knowledge graphs, and LangChain-based vector retrieval to…...

4+ day, 2+ hour ago   (571+ words) Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely deployed in safety-critical applications such as medical diagnosis and autonomous driving. Adversarial training (AT) is among the most effective defenses, casting robust optimization as a min–max problem over a defender-specified ℓp-ball of fixed…...

4+ day, 3+ hour ago   (452+ words) Early prediction of epileptic seizures remains an active research area in scalp electroencephalography (EEG) analysis. Current methods focused on this topic often rely on handcrafted features that insufficiently capture the multiscale nonlinear dynamics of preictal activity, process EEG channels independently…...

4+ day, 4+ hour ago   (186+ words) This study investigates a sustainable vehicle-routing problem in which a heterogeneous fleet serves geographically dispersed customer demands from a central distribution facility. The problem simultaneously minimizes transportation costs and CO2 emissions, with deliveries performed by either in-house or externally rented vehicles....

4+ day, 9+ hour ago   (532+ words) Camera-only BEV 3D object detectors are trained under highly imbalanced category distributions, and their matched object queries can exhibit directional semantic errors toward frequent classes. We investigate this behavior as a diagnostic problem: given fixed geometric predictions and fixed query–ground-truth…...

5+ day, 2+ hour ago   (302+ words) Planning collision-free paths for unmanned aerial vehicles in cluttered three-dimensional environments requires balancing path length, smoothness, and consistency across repeated queries. However, existing bidirectional RRT* planners generally do not exploit two sources of information generated during the search: the length…...

5+ day, 3+ hour ago   (424+ words) Contemporary warehouses operating under the Warehouse 4.0 paradigm are complex cyber-socio-technical systems, in which risk management maturity assessment is typically conducted in isolation from its impact on the resilience of the intralogistics handling process. The aim of this article is to…...