5+ hour, 29+ min ago   (496+ words) Offline reinforcement learning (offline RL) and large-language-model (LLM) alignment are typically studied as independent domains and each has developed its own pairwise comparison technique. Prior studies have validated pairwise classification exclusively within offline RL, leaving open the question of whether it…...

20+ hour, 48+ min ago   (361+ words) This research investigates the security of large language models (LLMs) with the aim of identifying key security and safety threats, control measures, and governance considerations that are relevant to their trustworthy adoption in the Extended Reality (XR) domain. To achieve…...

1+ day, 24+ min ago   (678+ words) Mapless deep reinforcement learning (DRL) navigation in dynamic indoor environments is difficult under single-frame 2D LiDAR, which reports where an obstacle is but not whether it is approaching. We introduce the Positional-Velocity Spatio-Temporal Attention Module (PV-STAM), a compact perception block (19,968 trainable…...

1+ day, 19+ hour ago   (512+ words) REBA, RULA, and OWAS are widely used observational ergonomic risk assessment methods based on predefined ordinal scoring rules. The final risk scores generated by these methods play a critical role in determining and prioritizing ergonomic interventions under limited resources to…...

2+ day ago   (394+ words) With the rapid development of wireless communication technologies, mobile devices, and distributed systems, the scale and dynamics of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are increasing, which results in increasingly stringent requirements for routing protocols. The Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP), as…...

2+ day ago   (496+ words) Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) aims to identify the sentiment polarity expressed toward a specific aspect in a sentence. Existing sequential and Transformer-based methods can effectively capture contextual semantics, but they often lack explicit modeling of aspect–opinion relations. Graph-based approaches…...

3+ day, 18+ hour ago   (571+ words) Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely deployed in safety-critical applications such as medical diagnosis and autonomous driving. Adversarial training (AT) is among the most effective defenses, casting robust optimization as a min–max problem over a defender-specified ℓp-ball of fixed…...

3+ day, 19+ hour ago   (688+ words) Digital twins (DTs) based on agent-based artificial intelligence (Agentic AI) provide a transformative framework for streamlining nondestructive testing (NDT) of 3D-printed rehabilitation equipment. This study applies a conceptual research methodology based on the integration and analysis of recent advances in…...

3+ day, 21+ hour ago   (411+ words) Time-series representation learning decomposes signals into interpretable factors such as trend and seasonality, and disentangled representation learning assigns these factors to distinct latent dimensions, enhancing interpretability and forecasting accuracy. However, existing methods achieve only statistical disentanglement: an intervention on one…...

3+ day, 22+ hour ago   (417+ words) A new architecture and design method are proposed for field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based Moore finite state machines (FSMs). The proposed architecture includes a core based on functional decomposition, a core based on twofold state assignment (TSA), and a block…...